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This study was carried out in Gezira State, during March, 2023. The plant of Ziziphus spina- christi., locally known Sider or Nabag, it was chosen for this study because of it is being used traditionally in treatment of many diseases. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in-vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activity of n-hexane and methanolic extracts of leaves Ziziphus spina-christi., In addition, cytotoxcity of these extracts were determined. Extracts from each plant were prepared by sequential maceration of dried leaf powder in solvents of increasing polarity (n-hexane and methanol). The antibacterial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Antioxidant activity were assessed based on the scavenging activity of the stable 2,2-Diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH). Cytotoxicity via brimp shrimp. Generally, the results of antibacterial activity showed the highest in methanolic extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20±2.01mm) flowed methanol extract against Bacilus subtilis (19±3.09mm). The highest scavenging radical activity was obtained from the methanol extracts of leaf Ziziphus spina-christi (50 ±0.01%) while the n-hexane extract gave lowest than the methanol extract (32 ±0.02%). While the results of cytotoxcity of all extracts (n-hexane and methanol) shown not toxic against Artemia salina., lethality. In conclusion, the studied of plant was rich in bioactive agents with antioxidant and antibacterial activities potential and could have interesting pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.

Keywords: ziziphus spina-christi, antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, crude extract……

Drug-drug interaction is a public health problem that constitutes one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In India, only a few studies reported drug-drug interactions occurring while using Amphotericin-B in patients with mucormycosis-induced drug interactions. The objectives of the present study were to assess the drug interactions occurring due to polytherapy and the frequency, severity, and preventability of the ADRs occurring because of drug-drug interactions. Drug-drug interaction checking, a multimodal approach for the treatment of mucor patients, involves highly complex regimens and hence accounts for a high susceptibility towards adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The present study aims to determine the prevalence of adverse events in patients treated with amphotericin-b. Drug interaction-related ADRs among mucor patients are worrisome. It has a worse impact on patient quality of life and, in addition, increases the cost of therapy along with the loss of lives or body organs. It is found that timely reporting of drug interaction-related ADRs and having an effective ADR monitoring system in place ensure the preventability of drug-related ADRs in many cases. Surgeons should be actively involved in ADR reporting (PV) and exchange constructive information, update each other, and educate each other about the appropriate use of anti-fungal drugs. Pharmacovigilance is the need of the hour and could be of immense value in reducing morbidity and mortality if practiced with all its might.

Keywords: ADR (adverse drug reaction), mucormycosis, amphotericin B, drug interaction etc………..