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Aim: To find the correlation between the concentration of lead and maternal socio-demographic characteristics like age, living area (urban or rural), housing style (slum type, cemented, or floored), living place (near industry or far from industry), water supply (piped water or direct water from source) and epidemiological characteristics like mother’s occupation, mother’s gestation age, mother’s active smoking habit. Method: A total of 100 umbilical cord blood serum samples were collected from Lala Lajpat Rai Medical College, Meerut and estimation of lead was done using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). This study was conducted between April 2014 and March 2015. Result and conclusions: Data suggested that the percentage of lead is more in cord blood serum samples of mother who are working and are non-housewife and residing in urban area due to exposure to traffic, industries and pollution. The correlation of mother’s working place with lead concentration showed that the mothers who were industrial worker had more lead concentration whereas the level of heavy metal was found elevated in mother’s who are drinking piped water. The data suggested that the mothers who smoked have more lead concentration in comparison to non-smoking mother.

Gul-e-Surkh (Rose flower) is the Persian name for the Rosa damascena Mill. In Unani system of medicine Rose flower is used for medicinal purposes. Ibn Sina considers Gul-e- Surkh as one of the best drug for liver. Rose flower in various doses form and/or in combination with many other drugs are indicated in various disease. It is commonly being used as general tonic for Lungs, Stomach, Intestine, Liver, Rectum, Kidney, Heart, and Uterus. Fresh flowers are purgative and dried one is astringent in properties. In this review article authors try to encompass the therapeutic indication of Rosa damascena Mill described in Unani literature.

Background: Cleome rutidosperma is annual herb found in different places in Bangladesh. Its leaves used as the treatment for Helminthiasis associated with Haemonchus contortus. This parasite is one of the most pathogenic nematodes and responsible for anemia, edema, and death of cattle’s, mainly during summer in warm, humid climates as like Bangladesh. The aim of the study to investigate the in-vitro anthelmintic activity of aqueous extract C. rutidosperma (AECR) leaves against H. contortus. Methods: We performed phytochemical analysis and in-vitro anthelmintic assay to determine the possible phytochemicals, caused by anthelmintic activity against H. contortus. Results: In-vitro anthelmintic assay, the AECR at the doses of 25; 50 and 100mg/mL significantly (p< 0.01) and (p< 0.001) paralyzed and caused the death of H. contortus in a dose-dependent manner. Reference standard drug Albendazole (15 mg/mL) exerts almost same effect as AECR. No paralyzed and death observed at the control group when treated with 0.9% normal saline. Conclusion: This data confirmed that the aqueous extract C. rutidosperma has the in-vitro anthelmintic activity of against H. contortus. C. rutidosperma may offer an alternative source for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle’s.

Objective: To assess the pattern of antibiotics use among pediatrics in two tertiary care hospitals in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.Methods: The study was conducted from 1^st December, 2016 to 30^th April, 2017 in two tertiary care hospitals of Lahore, Punjab province of Pakistan. Sampling population consisted of 322 pediatric patients aged <18 years, suffering from any disease. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM Corp. Released 2012. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.) and Microsoft Excel, 2013 were used to analyze the data.  P-value < .05 was taken as the mark of significance for statistical tests. Results: The most frequently diagnosed infections among the study population were; gastrointestinal tract infections (n = 136, 42.2%), fever (n = 117, 36.3%) and upper respiratory tract infections (n = 79, 24.5%). Cephalosporins (n = 235, 73%), penicillins (n = 80, 24.8%), and fluoroquinolones (n = 76, 23.6%) were most frequently prescribed antibiotic classes. Most frequently prescribed antibiotics agents were; ceftriaxone (n = 235, 73%), ciprofloxacin (n = 76, 23.6%) and co-amoxiclav (n = 71, 22%). Frequently prescribed antibiotics combinations were; co-amoxiclav+ceftriaxone (n = 42, 13%), ceftriaxone+vancomycin (n = 26, 8.1%) and ceftriaxone+ciprofloxacin (n = 12, 3.7%). The parenteral route was most commonly used for the administration of antibiotics. Conclusions: Current study concluded that antibiotic prescribing in pediatrics is quite high, an unfavorable trend which paves the way towards antimicrobial resistance.

Current review paper revolves around the method of molecular docking. It involves regarding the basics of the docking studies. It also focused on the biological and pharmaceutical significance of the molecular docking, considerable efforts have been directed towards improving the methods used to predict docking. There is general concept about molecular docking is lock and key in which the finding is correct relative orientation of the key which can best fitted into the lock and then the lock can be open easily. How the accurate structure can be designed and what are the correct activities are predicted are the main two aims of the docking studies are preferred in the given studies and some examples are also added within the review for the evidence which supports the importance of docking studies.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness regarding cervical cancer and its prevention among nurses working in different hospitals of Quetta, Pakistan. Methodology: The cross sectional, descriptive study was conducted by using structured questionnaire in different hospitals of Quetta from January to September 2016.  Convenient sampling technique was applied by targeting all the nurses working in different hospitals of Quetta city. Study questionnaire was developed and tested for validity and reliability. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis tests, p<0.05) were used to assess the significance among study variables and were performed by using IBM SPSS v.20. Results: Out of 415 distributed questionnaires 324 were returned (response rate of 78%). The mean Age of respondents was 28.18 ±9.5 years. Majority (n=127, 43.3%) of participants were interns and had no or less than one year of experience (n=128, 43.7%) with negative family history of any cancer (n=275, 93.9%). Mean knowledge score was 18.52±4.84with majority (n=258, 88.1%) had adequate knowledge regarding cervical cancer. Respondent sage, current area of practice, qualification, Institute of degree and past family history were contributing factors (p > 0.05) in adequate knowledge in this study. The results also reviled that not only 68.3% (n=200) and 65.5% (n=192) respondents knew that cervical cancer is vaccine preventable and availability of the vaccine for it. Conclusions: Nurses working in different hospitals of Quetta city had better understanding of the disease cervical cancer and its prevention. Yet many of the respondent are not aware of it vaccine and its availability.