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Pharmacies are natural first port of call healthcare providers in society who connect the gap between doctors and patients for optimal and rational use of the medicines although the public perception on pharmacists as a healthcare professional is ambiguous. There is a great need to generate awareness in the public as well as other health care professionals about the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists in the healthcare system. The objectives of this study were to assess the approval of general public on the role of pharmacist in health care and to create awareness by educating using pamphlets. A total of 450 individuals were approached for the study, where 400 participated and 50 showed no interest. A validated Pre-awareness assessment questionnaire containing 15 questions and a set of five post education awareness assessment questions were prepared to assess the improvement in awareness level after pamphlet education. The study indicated that most of the respondents had poor awareness about the role of pharmacist to healthcare. Education levels of respondents were significantly associated with awareness levels of participants. The approval level was found to be average. The awareness level improved after creating awareness by educating via pamphlet.

Medicinal plants are rich in several potential drugs and it carries healthier and harmless alternate to synthetic system of drugs. Plant Cynodon dactylon (L.) (doob/ bermuda grass) family (Graminae/Poaceae) is one of them. It is a perennial grass circulated all over the world, and particularly it is native to the high temperate and tropical regions. In various states of India doob grass is known by different names like Durva (Marathi), Arukampillu (Tamil), Durba (Bengali), Dhro (Gujarati), Shataparva (Sanskrit), Garichgaddi (Telugu) etc. It is the second most holy plant of Hindu religious after Tulsi (Oscimum sanctum). It has various medicinal values and it is used in the treatment of various types of diseases in the form of various dosage forms like powder, paste or extracts. The plant of C. dactylon has a variety of biological activities like antiviral, antibacterial, antimicrobial and specially wound healing properties. Furthermore, it has been broadly used in ancient medicines to treat various problems such as hypertension, epilepsy, cough, diarrhoea, headache, cramps, dropsy, dysentery, hemorrhage, hysteria, measles, snakebite, sores, stones urogenital disorders, tumors, and warts (outer growth on the skin). The herb contains crude proteins, carbohydrates, and mineral constituents, oxides of magnesium, phosphorous, calcium, sodium and potassium. The herb has β-sitosterol and β-carotoene, triterpinoids, vitamin C, cartone, palmitic acid, alkaloids, ergonovine and ergonovinine. The aim of this review is to produce an interest for further investigations of the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of this herb.

The general administration of pharmaceutical care started potential pharmacy practice program. The program is part of accreditation professional’s process of national and international regulations. The adult’s parenteral nutrition was one of the critical programs. The most healthcare professionals are not familiar with the new system. The new initiatives system adult’s standardized concentration formulation of total parental nutrition as complementary to the previous one. The new formulation consisted of all parental nutrition requirements based on national and international standards. The new system can be converted as computerized physician orders. The new initiatives may implement as project management model over one year or less than that’s. The new system prevents nutrition-related problems, and medication errors, and improve clinical outcomes of the adults’ population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The total parental nutrition considered as high alert medications for neonates population and others. Several medications safety institutions and international with national accreditation organization recommended setting prevention measure of medical error events. The new medications safety project initiative was neonates standardized parental nutrition formulation. The formulation contained all requirements of American Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition and European Parental and Enteral Nutrition standard. Also, to the United State Pharmacopeia 797 stranded. The formulation is suitable for neonates with formal renal and hepatic functions with common neonate’s requirements Parenteral Nutrition in Saudi Arabia. The new initiative’s project may implement through explored project management tools with close measurements of performance indicators outcome. The neonate’s standardized formulation of parental nutrition new programs at Ministry of Health hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with Gulf and Middle East counties.

The national total parental nutrition program with an emphasis on pediatrics started before several ago at Ministry of health hospitals In Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The program covered several regions and consisted from the foundation of Intravenous Admixture and preparation of pediatric parenteral nutrition to administration and follow up of patients outcomes. In addition to the prior system, the new initiative project with the standardized formulation of pediatric’s parenteral nutrition is the complementary project of the parental nutrition for pediatrics. The project initiated to prevent drugrelated problems of parental nutrition, improve patient clinical outcome and reduce the unnecessary economic burden on the healthcare system. It is the new system in the Middle East and Gulf counties in additional to Saudi Arabia. The initiatives are the systemic implementation of standardized pediatrics formulation using management project tools of starting new idea until finding in the ground.

To explore the National Survey of Drug Information Centers practice in Saudi Arabia: Leadership and Practice management at Ministry of Health hospital. Method: It is a cross-sectional four months national survey of Drug Information Services at Ministry of Health hospital. It contained ten domains with 181 questions designed by the authors. It was derived from Internal Pharmaceutical Federation, American Society of Health-System Pharmacists best practice guidelines. This survey was distributed to forty hospital pharmacies that run drug information services. In this study, domain of Drug Monitoring and Patient Counselling System explored and analyzed. It consisted of eight questions about the written policy and procedure and application methods for Leadership and Practice management in the drug information centers. All analysis was done through survey monkey system. Results: The survey distributed to 45 of hospitals, the response rate, was 40 (88.88%) hospitals. The highest score of the DIC had policy and procedures with a clear mission, vision, and values were Evidence of valid Saudi Council of Health Specialties license to practice in Saudi Arabia did not exist in 3 (7.5%) hospitals while 30 (75%) of hospitals 100% applied the elements. The highest score of the Drug information centers had a space, adequate furniture, hours of operation were determined and announced as well as there was a qualified and licensed staffing. All Drug Information Centers staff had valid licenses from Saudi Commission for Health Specialties to practice in Saudi Arabia, did not exist in 6 (15%) hospitals while 30 (75%) of hospitals 100% applied the elements. The highest score of the Drug Information Centers Supervisor, reports workload statistics to the appropriate and leadership number of Full Time Employee staff and actual workload published was the answering question depends on the priority of the question did not exist in 6 (15%) hospitals while only 22 (55%) of hospitals 100% applied the elements. The highest score of the Drug Information Centers showed evidence of Quality Improvement, and the process for Drug Information Centers Networking. The reporting any questionable drug quality to Pharmacy director, did not exist in 4 (10 %) hospitals while only 25 (62.5%) of hospitals 100% applied the elements. Conclusion: There were an acceptable implementation leadership and practice management in drug information centers practice. The drug information centers workload analysis and quality management should improve. Drug information centers network indication required an implementation to improve the services at Ministry of Health hospital in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

To explore the National Survey of Drug Information Centers practice in Saudi Arabia: PharmacoEconomic System at Ministry of Health Hospitals. Methods: It is a cross-sectional four months national survey of Drug Information Services at MOH. It contained ten domains with 181 questions designed by the authors. It was derived from Internal Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), American Society of Health-System Pharmacists best practice guidelines. This survey was distributed to forty hospital pharmacies that run drug information services. In this study, the domain of Pharmacoeconomics System was explored and analyzed. It consisted of eight questions about the written policy and procedure and application methods for the PharmacoEconomic system in the drug information centers. All analysis was done through survey monkey system. Results: The survey was distributed to forty-five of hospitals, the response rate, was 40 (88.88%) hospitals. Of those; The Written policy and procedure of PharmacoEconomic did not exist in 26 (65%) hospitals. The definition types of PharmacoEconomic do not exist in 23 (57.5%) hospitals. Evaluation Processes of PharmacoEconomic Studies did not exist in 22 (55%) hospitals. The intensive analysis performed for all significant potential cost of the medications did not exist in 22(55%) hospitals. The evidence for using reported PharmacoEconomic data to improve medication use process and reduce cost rate, not found in 22 (55%) hospitals. Moreover, the Evidence of involvement of Drug Evaluation Processes not existed in 20 (50%) hospitals. Conclusion: the pharmacoeconomics system was week implementations of drug information centers practice. Revision of pharmacy strategic plan with pharmacoeconomics applications is required to improve the system at MOH hospital in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common health problems that affect approximately 15 % population worldwide and about 2.3% population of India. Most (75% to 80%) kidney stones are calcium stones, composed of calcium oxalate and/or calcium phosphate. These stones are generally associated with high concentration of calcium in the blood or urine. The classical features of renal colic are sudden severe pain. It is usually caused by the stones in the kidney, renal pelvis or ureter, causing dilatation, stretching and spasm of the ureter. Pain starts in the loin about the level of the costovertebral angle. Typical symptoms of acute renal colic are intermittent colicky flank pain that may radiate to the lower abdomen or groin, often associated with nausea and vomiting. Many stones are asymptomatic and discovered during investigations for other conditions. Small urinary calculi pass out of the body without any clinical intervention. According to Jaleenoos (Galen) renal stones are formed when rooh (gaseous matter) is trapped in the spaces of the kidney and consolidates to form hard substances. Another cause of renal calculi is ulceration of the kidney, in which pus accumulates and solidifies, thereby forming renal stones or at least establishing a nidus for the formation of stones. Avicenna contends that the persistence of “morbid matter” in the urinary tract is instrumental in the formation of ghaliz madda (viscid matter). In Unani system of medicine the main aim of management for nephrolithiasis is to make morbid and abnormal humors easily extractible from the body through the excretory system. This paper will deal with the literature, clinical aspect and management of the Nephrolithiasis in Unani System of Medicine